后勤执行概述 (Logistics Execution Overview)

后勤执行概述 (★★★★)

#logistics-execution #warehouse-management

概览表 (一眼对比)

Component Source Module Function
Warehouse Management (WM) Copied from MM Storage bin management, putaway, stock removal
Shipping (装运) Copied from SD Outbound delivery processing
Transportation (运输) Copied from SD Transportation planning & execution

Logistics Execution Components (后勤执行组件)

Logistics Execution (LE) bundles existing logistics functions and connects to PP, MM, and SD. It can also run as a stand-alone system.

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Logistics Execution (LE)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Warehouse Mgmt │ │ Shipping │ │
│ │ (from MM) │ │ (from SD) │ │
│ └──────────────────┘ └─────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Transportation (from SD) │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ Links: Procurement ◄──── LE ────► Distribution │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Organizational Units (组织单位)

Organizational Unit Description Assignment
Warehouse Number (仓库号) Top-level WM unit; represents a warehouse complex Assigned to plant + storage location
Shipping Point (装运点) Place or group handling shipping processing Assigned to plants (many-to-many)
Transportation Planning Point (运输计划点) Required for transportation processing Assigned to company code (1:1)

Assignment Rules

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Warehouse Number ←──── 1:N ────► Plant + Storage Location
│ │
│ One plant-SLoc can be assigned to │
│ only ONE warehouse number │
│ BUT one warehouse number can cover │
│ multiple plant-SLoc combinations │
└────────────────────────────────────────┘

Shipping Point ←──── N:N ────► Plant
(One plant can have multiple shipping points)

Transportation Planning Point ──1:1──► Company Code
(Required for shipment cost settlement)
📌A plant-storage location combination cannot be assigned to two or more warehouse numbers simultaneously.

Warehouse Number Substructure (仓库号子结构)

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Warehouse Number (仓库号)
├── Storage Type (存储类型)
│ ├── e.g., High rack, Fixed bin, Bulk storage
│ ├── Interim Storage Area (过渡存储区, key starts with 9)
│ │ ├── 902: Goods receiving zone
│ │ ├── 916: Shipping zone (deliveries)
│ │ └── Links IM ↔ WM
│ │
│ ├── Storage Section (存储区域) [MANDATORY, at least 1]
│ │ ├── Fast-moving items → front section
│ │ ├── Perishable goods → refrigerated section
│ │ └── Material → Section assignment via indicator
│ │
│ ├── Picking Area (拣货区) [OPTIONAL]
│ │ └── For technical stock removal purposes
│ │
│ └── Storage Bin (存储仓位) [Master Data]
│ └── Created within a storage section

Storage Type Comparison

Storage Type Key Feature Example
Regular types Physical/org separation High rack, bulk storage, fixed bin
Interim storage areas (key starts with 9) Link between IM and WM GR zone (902), GI zone (916)
💡Even if no further division of storage type is needed, you must create at least one storage section per storage type.

Interim Storage Areas (过渡存储区)

Interim storage areas are the link between IM and WM:

Area Key Purpose
Goods receiving zone 902 GR from external procurement
Shipping zone (deliveries) 916 Outbound delivery staging
Goods issue area 910 GI staging
📌Every goods movement affecting both IM and WM is processed through an interim storage area. Incoming quantity is represented as a quant in the interim storage area.

Basic Process Forms (基本流程形式)

Two fundamental process forms for GR/GI in LE:

Form Trigger Sequence
Delivery-driven (交货驱动) Delivery created first Delivery → TO → Confirm → IM posting
IM-posting-driven (IM过账驱动) IM posting first IM posting → Transfer Requirement → TO → Confirm
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Form 1: Delivery-Driven (e.g., outbound from vendor)
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ Delivery │───►│ Transfer │───►│ Confirm │───►│ IM │
│ created │ │ Order │ │ TO │ │ Posting │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘

Form 2: IM-Posting-Driven (e.g., GR against PO)
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ IM │───►│ Transfer │───►│ Transfer │───►│ Confirm │
│ Posting │ │Requirem't│ │ Order │ │ TO │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
💡For goods receipts from production, only the IM-posting-driven form is available. For sales order processing, stock removal generally refers to the outbound delivery.

考试高频考点 (考试高频考点)

Scenario/Keyword Answer
“LE components?” WM (from MM), Shipping (from SD), Transportation (from SD)
“Warehouse number assignment?” Assigned to plant + storage location (1:N)
“Can one SLoc have 2 warehouse numbers?” No, only one warehouse number per plant-SLoc
“Interim storage area key prefix?” Starts with 9
“GR zone storage type?” 902
“Shipping zone storage type?” 916
“Minimum storage sections per storage type?” At least one (mandatory)
“Delivery-driven vs IM-posting-driven?” Delivery → TO → Confirm → IM vs IM → TR → TO → Confirm
“Transfer order is…?” The document for all physical material movements in the warehouse
“Can LE run standalone?” Yes, separate from SAP context