SD 组织单位概览

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Organizational Units Overview (组织单位概览)

ℹ️Scope
This note covers all organizational units relevant to Sales and Distribution in SAP ERP.

What are Organizational Units?

Organizational units in SAP represent the structure of an enterprise. They are legal entities and/or organizational units within a company.

💡Key Principle
Organizational units form the hierarchy for master data maintenance, document processing, and reporting.

SD Organizational Units (SD组织单位)

1. Company Code (公司代码)

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Company Code = Minimal organizational unit for external accounting
Attribute Description
Purpose Legal entity and independent accounting unit
Module Financial Accounting (FI)
Relationship One company code can have multiple sales organizations
Key Function Balance sheet and P&L statement generation
📌Assignment Rule
  • A sales organization can be assigned to ONLY ONE company code
  • A company code can have MULTIPLE sales organizations
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Company Code (1) ←─────── (N) Sales Organization

2. Sales Organization (销售组织)

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Sales Organization = Negotiates and sells products/services
Attribute Description
Purpose Responsible for distribution of goods and services to customers
Module Sales and Distribution (SD)
Assignment Must be assigned to exactly one company code
Distribution Channels Can have multiple distribution channels
Divisions Can have multiple product groups
Statistics Highest summary level in sales statistics
💡Usage Examples
  • Geographic: Sales Org US, Sales Org Germany
  • Product-based: Sales Org Electronics, Sales Org Clothing
  • Industry: Sales Org Wholesale, Sales Org Retail

3. Distribution Channel (分销渠道)

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Distribution Channel = Method of distributing goods to customers
Attribute Description
Purpose Differentiates distribution methods
Examples Wholesale, Retail, Direct Sales, Internet
Assignment Can be assigned to multiple sales organizations
💥Common Distribution Channels
  • 12: Resale/Wholesale (转售)
  • 10: Direct Sales (直销)
  • 20: Retail (零售)
  • 30: Internet (互联网)

4. Division / Product Group (产品组)

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Division = Groups products and services
Attribute Description
Purpose Groups materials and services for pricing, statistics
Examples - Vehicles, Parts, Services
Assignment Can be assigned to multiple sales organizations
📌Naming Note
  • Division = 产品组 in Chinese
  • Often refers to product lines or material groups
  • Used for customer-specific agreements and statistics

5. Sales Area (销售区域)

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Sales Area = Sales Organization + Distribution Channel + Division
Attribute Description
Composition Sales Org + Dist Channel + Division
Uniqueness Each SD document is assigned to exactly ONE sales area
Immutability Sales area assignment cannot be changed after document creation
Master Data Controls access to customer, material, and pricing data
⚠️Critical Rule
You cannot change the sales area of a document once created. This is because:
  • Master data access is controlled by sales area
  • Pricing conditions are sales area-specific
  • Many business rules depend on sales area

Shipping Organizational Units (装运组织单位)

6. Plant (工厂)

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Plant = Production location or distribution center
Attribute Description
Purpose Production location, distribution center, or maintenance location
Modules MM, PP, SD (cross-module)
Inventory Maintains material stock
Assignment Assigned to exactly one company code
SD Assignment Can be assigned to multiple sales org/dist channel combinations
📌Multi-Module Usage
  • MM: Plant is a stock location
  • PP: Plant is a production facility
  • SD: Plant is a delivery location (distribution center)
💡Plant Assignment in SD
  • A plant can deliver for multiple sales organizations
  • A sales organization can sell from multiple plants
  • This is a many-to-many relationship

7. Shipping Point (装运点)

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Shipping Point = Highest organizational unit for shipping activities
Attribute Description
Purpose Organizes and processes outbound deliveries
Examples Loading dock, rail freight station, goods receiving point
Assignment Assigned to one or more plants
Processing Each outbound delivery is processed by exactly ONE shipping point
⚠️Assignment Rule
  • Shipping points are assigned to plants (not directly to sales organizations)
  • Multiple shipping points can be assigned to one plant
  • One shipping point can serve multiple plants (if geographically close)

8. Storage Location (存储地点)

1
Storage Location = Subdivision of plant for inventory management
Attribute Description
Purpose Differentiates stock locations within a plant
Examples - Raw materials, Finished goods, Consignment stock
Module Materials Management (MM)

Organizational Relationships Summary

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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Company Code                        │
│  ┌────────────┐  ┌────────────┐  ┌────────────┐       │
│  │ Sales Org 1│  │ Sales Org 2│  │ Sales Org 3│       │
│  │  + DC 12   │  │  + DC 20   │  │  + DC 12   │       │
│  │  + Div 00  │  │  + Div 02  │  │  + Div 08  │       │
│  └─────┬──────┘  └─────┬──────┘  └─────┬──────┘       │
│        │              │              │                 │
│        └──────────────┼──────────────┘                 │
│                       ▼                                │
│  ┌────────────┐  ┌────────────┐  ┌────────────┐       │
│  │  Plant 1   │  │  Plant 2   │  │  Plant 3   │       │
│  │  + SP 10   │  │  + SP 20   │  │  + SP 30   │       │
│  └────────────┘  └────────────┘  └────────────┘       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Legend:
  DC = Distribution Channel (分销渠道)
  Div = Division (产品组)
  SP = Shipping Point (装运点)

Key Assignment Rules

From To Cardinality Rule
Company Code Sales Organization 1:N One company can have many sales orgs
Sales Organization Company Code N:1 Sales org belongs to exactly one company
Sales Organization Distribution Channel 1:N Sales org can have many distribution channels
Distribution Channel Sales Organization N:M Can be shared across sales orgs
Sales Organization Division 1:N Sales org can have many divisions
Division Sales Organization N:M Can be shared across sales orgs
Sales Org + DC + Division Sales Area - Defines the sales area
Plant Company Code N:1 Plant belongs to exactly one company
Plant Sales Organization N:M Many-to-many relationship
Shipping Point Plant N:M Can serve multiple plants

Best Practices

💡Keep It Simple
  • Simple organizational structures are better than complex ones
  • Complexity increases master data maintenance overhead
  • Use master data fields for reporting instead of creating many org units
  • Consider: Do you really need separate sales orgs or can divisions work?
⚠️Common Mistakes
  • ❌ Creating separate sales orgs just for reporting (use divisions instead)
  • ❌ Creating too many sales areas (difficult to maintain master data)
  • ✅ Use sales organizations for major business divisions
  • ✅ Use distribution channels for different sales approaches
  • ✅ Use divisions for product line differentiation
  • [[01-Enterprise-Structure/Sales-Area-Structure]] → Sales area details
  • [[01-Enterprise-Structure/Shipping-Structure]] → Shipping structure details
  • [[01-Enterprise-Structure/IDES-Company-Structure]] → IDES example
  • [[01-Enterprise-Structure/Practice-01-Org-Structure]] → Practice exercises
  • [[01-Enterprise-Structure/Practice-01-Org-Structure]]